![]() Understanding this dark energy is one of the SKA’s key science goals.Ĥ) Another important area is the study of dark matter. Scientists detected this accelerated expansion in 1998 – a feat that won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2011 – and its cause is attributed to a mysterious and unknown “dark energy”. Mapping the distribution of hydrogen across the cosmos will also shed light on the mystery of why the expansion of the universe is accelerating. This will allow us to study how galaxies form and evolve. By monitoring an array of these clocks with the SKA, we can try to detect disturbances caused by a passing gravitational wave which would have a known signature.ģ) By mapping the hydrogen in a billion galaxies, the SKA will reveal the large-scale structure of the universe. General relativity also predicts the existence of gravitational waves – literally waves in the space-time continuum. By locating pulsars that are orbiting black holes and timing them, we can study general relativity in extreme gravity conditions as well as testing the predictions that general relativity makes about the black hole itself. These pulsars are cosmic lighthouses, emitting a pulse of radiation at very precise intervals.ĭue to the exact timing of the pulses, they can be used as cosmic clocks. It will provide a time lapse of the universe allowing astronomers to learn about the mechanisms by which the first structures were created.Ģ) The SKA will also directly probe Einstein’s theory of general relativity using highly magnetised and rapidly spinning neutron stars known as pulsars. Five key questions SKA will addressġ) Through SKA, we will be able to go back to when the first stars and black holes formed an era known as the “Dark Ages”. Once galaxies form not all the hydrogen is in stars, and it is this remaining hydrogen that we see with radio telescopes. Neutral hydrogen is the basic building block for stars – stars form when hydrogen clouds collapse under their own gravity. The SKA will detect hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe. ![]() ![]() With this and other modern instruments, teams of astronomers will readily be able to see the universe in ever greater detail at all wavelengths of light. Using a technique called interferometry, they behave as a single dish, with a total collecting area of all the antennas combined – up to one square kilometre for the SKA. Modern radio telescopes are collections of antennae that are scattered over a large area. ![]()
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